What Are Keloids?

Keloids are raised scars that develop due to an overgrowth of fibrous tissue at the site of a skin injury. Unlike normal scars, keloids grow beyond the original wound area and do not regress over time. They can be itchy, painful, and cosmetically distressing for many people.

Keloids can form anywhere on the body, but they are most commonly found on the chest, shoulders, earlobes, and upper back. They often develop after surgeries, burns, acne, piercings, or even minor skin injuries like insect bites.

What Causes Keloids?

The exact cause of keloid formation is not fully understood, but it is believed to be linked to an overproduction of collagen during the wound healing process. Some key factors that contribute to keloid development include:

  • Genetics: If your family members have keloids, you may be more likely to develop them.
  • Skin Type: People with darker skin tones, especially African, Hispanic, and Asian individuals, are more prone to keloid formation.
  • Injury Type: Surgical incisions, burns, acne, and piercings can trigger keloid growth.
  • Age: Keloids are more common in younger individuals between the ages of 10 and 30.

Symptoms of Keloids

Keloids are characterized by their distinct appearance and symptoms, including:

  • A raised, thickened scar that extends beyond the original wound
  • A pink, red, or dark brown coloration (varies based on skin tone)
  • Itching, tenderness, or pain
  • A progressively enlarging mass over time
  • A smooth, shiny, or bumpy surface

While keloids are benign (non-cancerous), they can cause physical discomfort and emotional distress due to their appearance.

Best Treatment Options for Keloids

Although keloids are difficult to treat and may recur, several treatment options can help reduce their size, symptoms, and visibility.

1. Corticosteroid Injections

Steroid injections, such as triamcinolone, help flatten and soften keloids by reducing inflammation and collagen production. These injections are usually administered every 3 to 4 weeks and can significantly improve keloid size and symptoms.

2. Laser Therapy

Laser treatments, particularly pulsed dye laser (PDL) therapy, can help lighten and flatten keloid scars. However, multiple sessions may be required for noticeable results.

3. Cryotherapy

Cryotherapy involves freezing the keloid with liquid nitrogen to reduce its size. This method is most effective for smaller keloids and is often combined with other treatments.

4. Surgical Removal

Keloid excision (surgical removal) is an option, but it carries a high risk of recurrence. To prevent regrowth, surgery is often combined with other treatments like radiation therapy or steroid injections.

5. Silicone Gel Sheets and Dressings

Silicone gel sheets or topical silicone gels help flatten and soften keloid scars when used consistently over time.

6. Radiation Therapy

Low-dose radiation therapy is sometimes used after keloid removal surgery to reduce the risk of recurrence.

7. Pressure Therapy

Compression garments, often used after earlobe piercings, help minimize keloid formation by applying constant pressure.

How to Prevent Keloids

While keloids are challenging to treat, prevention is the best approach for individuals prone to them. Here are some effective prevention tips:

  • Avoid Unnecessary Skin Trauma: If you have a history of keloids, be cautious with tattoos, piercings, and elective surgeries.
  • Use Silicone Gel or Sheets: Applying silicone-based products after wounds heal can prevent keloid formation.
  • Protect Healing Wounds: Keep wounds clean, moist, and covered to promote proper healing.
  • Apply Pressure: Using pressure dressings on high-risk areas can minimize keloid formation.
  • Steroid Injections for High-Risk Individuals: If you have a history of keloids, doctors may recommend early corticosteroid injections after surgery or injury.

Final Thoughts

Keloid scars can be bothersome, but various treatments and preventive measures can help manage them effectively. If you’re prone to keloids, consult a dermatologist to explore the best treatment and prevention strategies for your skin type. By taking proactive steps, you can minimize keloid growth and maintain healthy skin.

บทความที่คล้ายกัน